Radio comms from the field, the kind of lines you'd call over a military radio net. Every word colored and explained: cases for nouns, modifiers, pronouns, and numerals, plus conjugation for verbs and agreement for short-form adjectives, each tagged with its dictionary form and English gloss.
NOMSubject. Dictionary form.
ACCDirect object. Motion toward with в / на.
GENAfter до от из у без для о́коло напро́тив вдоль с. Also: нет, numbers.
DATAfter к, по. Also: ну́жен, звони́ть, помо́чь.
INSTRMeans / с (with). Static position with над за под пе́ред.
PREPOnly with prepositions. в / на = location. о = topic.
VERBConjugated by person/number/tense. Case-colored pronouns show which person.
SHORTShort-form adjective or participle predicate. Agrees in gender/number, not case.
0.90x
Contact and spotting
Reporting what you see is the most common radio traffic in the game. Most lines are a nominative subject plus a location phrase. Two recurring snags: animate enemies (врага́) borrow the genitive for their accusative, and в / на for static location pull the prepositional.
01
Я ви́жу врага́.
I see the enemy.
Я
NOMINATIVE
я · pers. · "I"Subject pronoun, nominative. Often dropped since ви́жу already marks 1st person, but stated here for clarity.
ви́жу
VERB
ви́деть · impf. · "to see"1st person singular present. 2nd-conjugation verb: the д softens to ж before -у: ви́жу.
врага́
ACCUSATIVE
враг · masc. · "enemy"Direct object. враг is animate masculine, so its accusative copies the genitive: -а is added.
02
Проти́вник спра́ва.
Enemy on the right.
Проти́вник
NOMINATIVE
проти́вник · masc. · "enemy"Subject, with the "to be" dropped. спра́ва is an adverb and never declines.
03
Ви́жу цель в зда́нии.
I see a target in the building.
Ви́жу
VERB
ви́деть · impf. · "to see"1st person singular present, subject я dropped. 2nd-conjugation verb: the д softens to ж before -у: ви́жу.
цель
ACCUSATIVE
цель · fem. · "target"Direct object. цель is feminine ending in -ь, so its accusative matches the nominative.
ви́деть · impf. · "to see"1st person singular present, subject я dropped. ви́деть becomes ви́жу.
две
ACCUSATIVE
два / две · num. · "two"Modifies маши́ны as the direct object; inanimate, so accusative matches nominative: две is the feminine form of два. Triggers genitive singular on the noun it counts.
маши́ны
GENITIVE
маши́на · fem. · "car"Numbers 2, 3, 4 take the genitive singular. маши́на becomes маши́ны.
доро́ге
PREPOSITIONAL
доро́га · fem. · "road"Location after на, prepositional.
Movement language lives on the motion-versus-location split. в and на plus accusative means heading into or onto somewhere. к plus dative means toward. за plus instrumental means tucking in behind cover.
я · pers. · "I"Subject, with the "to be" dropped before на пози́ции.
пози́ции
PREPOSITIONAL
пози́ция · fem. · "position"Location after на, prepositional.
жду
VERB
ждать · impf. · "to wait"1st person singular present, subject я dropped. ждать becomes жду.
прика́за
GENITIVE
прика́з · masc. · "order"ждать takes genitive when waiting for something abstract. прика́з becomes прика́за.
Orders and coordination
Giving and relaying orders. Whoever you give to or inform is dative; the thing itself is accusative. Two combat-specific triggers worth burning in: по plus dative for firing on a target, and за plus instrumental for following behind someone.
17
Команди́р, дай намприка́з.
Commander, give us an order.
Команди́р
NOMINATIVE
команди́р · masc. · "commander"Address form, nominative (Russian has no separate vocative case).
дай
VERB
дать · pf. · "to give"2nd person singular imperative, perfective. дать becomes дай.
нам
DATIVE
мы · pers. · "us"Recipient of the order, dative of мы.
прика́з
ACCUSATIVE
прика́з · masc. · "order"Direct object, the thing given.
18
Откры́ть ого́нь по проти́внику.
Open fire on the enemy.
Откры́ть
VERB
откры́ть · pf. · "to open"Infinitive used as a formal/impersonal command, common in military orders. откры́ть is perfective.
свой · poss. · "one's own"Modifies пози́цию, agrees with it in accusative feminine. Dictionary form свой becomes свою́, the reflexive possessive, since the position belongs to the subject.
пози́цию
ACCUSATIVE
пози́ция · fem. · "position"Direct object, the thing reported. свою́ agrees with it in the accusative.
20
Прикрыва́й команди́ра.
Cover the commander.
Прикрыва́й
VERB
прикрыва́ть · impf. · "to cover"2nd person singular imperative, imperfective (ongoing covering fire, unlike the one-time прикро́й in #14). прикрыва́ть becomes прикрыва́й.
команди́ра
ACCUSATIVE
команди́р · masc. · "commander"Direct object, animate masculine, so accusative copies the genitive. команди́р becomes команди́ра.
я · pers. · "me"Object of за (following behind), instrumental of я.
Supply and ammo
The highest-value pattern in this whole file: with ну́жен, the thing you need is the nominative subject and you are dative. "I need ammo" is literally "to me ammo is needed," and the verb agrees with the ammo, not you. Possession and shortage run on у plus genitive and нет plus genitive.
25
Мненужны́патро́ны.
I need cartridges.
Мне
DATIVE
я · pers. · "I"The one who needs, dative of я (see the reversal pattern below).
нужны́
SHORT FORM
ну́жный · adj. · "needed"Short-form adjective, plural to agree with патро́ны. ну́жный becomes нужны́.
патро́ны
NOMINATIVE
патро́н · masc. · "cartridge"The thing needed is the real subject, so it is nominative. This reversal is the key pattern.
26
У меня́ нет боеприпа́сов.
I'm out of ammo.
меня́
GENITIVE
я · pers. · "I"Possessor after у (at/by), genitive of я.
боеприпа́сов
GENITIVE
боеприпа́сы · pl. · "ammunition"нет (none) forces the absent thing into genitive plural. боеприпа́сы becomes боеприпа́сов.
враг · masc. · "enemy"Possession, the weapon OF the enemy, genitive.
Casualties and medic
Casualty traffic hides a trigger that catches everyone: помо́чь (to help) governs dative, so the person you help is dative, never accusative. Counts of wounded pull genitive through their numerals, and reporting about losses uses о plus prepositional.
33
Яра́нен.
I'm wounded.
Я
NOMINATIVE
я · pers. · "I"Subject.
ра́нен
SHORT FORM
ра́неный · ppl. · "wounded"Short-form passive participle, masculine singular to agree with я. Long form ра́неный becomes ра́нен.
34
Ме́дик, помоги́ солда́ту.
Medic, help the soldier.
Ме́дик
NOMINATIVE
ме́дик · masc. · "medic"Whom you are addressing, stays nominative.
помоги́
VERB
помо́чь · pf. · "to help"2nd person singular imperative, perfective. помо́чь becomes помоги́. Governs dative, not accusative.
солда́ту
DATIVE
солда́т · masc. · "soldier"помо́чь (to help) takes dative, not accusative. The one helped is dative. солда́т becomes солда́ту.
35
Команди́руби́т.
The commander is down.
Команди́р
NOMINATIVE
команди́р · masc. · "commander"Subject.
уби́т
SHORT FORM
уби́тый · ppl. · "killed"Short-form passive participle, masculine singular to agree with команди́р. Not a case form itself.
36
Мненужна́по́мощь.
I need help.
Мне
DATIVE
я · pers. · "I"The one who needs, dative of я.
нужна́
SHORT FORM
ну́жный · adj. · "needed"Short-form adjective, feminine to agree with по́мощь.
по́мощь
NOMINATIVE
по́мощь · fem. · "help"The needed thing is the nominative subject.
37
Дво́ебойцо́вра́нены.
Two fighters are wounded.
Дво́е
NOMINATIVE
дво́е · num. · "two"Collective numeral for a group of people, subject of the sentence; triggers genitive plural on the noun it counts.
Vehicles stack everything at once. Getting in is accusative motion, riding is на plus prepositional, driving along is по plus dative, parking behind is за plus instrumental, and fueling uses the bare instrumental for the means.
41
Сади́сь в маши́ну.
Get in the vehicle.
Сади́сь
VERB
сади́ться · impf. · "to get in"2nd person singular imperative, reflexive (-ся). сади́ться becomes сади́сь.