A married couple plans, drives, and lives through a two-week road trip, narrated line by line, alternating between husband and wife. Every word colored by its case, tagged with its dictionary form and the rule that changed it.
NOMSubject. Dictionary form.
ACCDirect object. Motion toward with в / на.
GENAfter до от из у без для о́коло напро́тив вдоль с. Also: нет, numbers.
INSTRMeans / с (with). Static position with над за под пе́ред. Also: time expressions (ле́том).
PREPOnly with prepositions. в / на = location. о = topic.
0.90x
Planning the trip
Booking and list-making leans on ну́жно/нужна́ plus dative (you're dative, the needed thing is nominative) and genitive after quantity words like ско́лько and possession chains like "the map OF the stops."
вид · masc.с (with) takes instrumental. вид becomes ви́дом.
мо́ре
ACCUSATIVE
мо́ре · neut.на for the view's direction takes accusative. Neuter, unchanged.
Packing and departure
Packing verbs pull direct objects into the accusative. Watch for two modifiers stacking on one noun here (на́шу люби́мую пе́сню), a possessive and a descriptive adjective both agree with the same noun, and both get their own note.
Driving language splits along the same motion/location line as everywhere else: по plus dative for moving along a surface, на plus prepositional for a static point, and a demonstrative-plus-adjective stack ("э́ти краси́вые го́ры") showing two modifiers can pile up on one noun.
17Husband
Я е́ду по краси́войдоро́ге вдоль реки́.
I'm driving along a beautiful road by the river.
краси́вой
DATIVE
краси́вый · adj.Modifies доро́ге, agrees with it in dative feminine. Dictionary form краси́вый becomes краси́вой.
доро́ге
DATIVE
доро́га · fem.по (along) takes dative for movement over a path.
ра́дио · neut. (indecl.)по (over/via) takes dative. ра́дио is an indeclinable loanword, so it never changes shape.
Sightseeing and experiences
Sightseeing sentences run heavily on demonstratives (э́тот, э́то) pointing at the thing being experienced, plus the usual motion-versus-location split for где you went versus где you are.
26Wife
Мы посети́ли ста́рыйза́мок сего́дня у́тром.
We visited an old castle this morning.
ста́рый
ACCUSATIVE
ста́рый · adj.Modifies за́мок, agrees with it in accusative masculine. Inanimate, so unchanged from the dictionary form.
Every trip hits friction. This is where нет plus genitive (what's missing), у plus genitive (asking a local), and the dative predicates (звони́ть) all show up together.
34Wife
В на́шемно́мере нет горя́чейводы́.
There's no hot water in our room.
на́шем
PREPOSITIONAL
наш · poss.Modifies но́мере, agrees with it in prepositional masculine. Dictionary form наш becomes на́шем.
но́мере
PREPOSITIONAL
но́мер · masc.Location after в, prepositional. но́мер becomes но́мере.
горя́чей
GENITIVE
горя́чий · adj.Modifies воды́, agrees with it in genitive feminine. Dictionary form горя́чий becomes горя́чей.
воды́
GENITIVE
вода́ · fem.нет (none) forces the absent thing into genitive. вода́ becomes воды́.
свой · poss.Modifies телефо́н, agrees with it in accusative masculine. Inanimate, so unchanged, the reflexive possessive, since the phone belongs to the subject.
Heading back closes the loop on motion (к plus dative, в plus accusative) and adds a few dative predicates worth knowing: скуча́ть по (to miss) and рад/ра́да (glad) both govern dative, not accusative.
43Husband
Мы е́дем обра́тно к до́му за́втра.
We're driving back home tomorrow.
до́му
DATIVE
дом · masc.к (toward) takes dative. дом becomes до́му.
44Wife
Я скуча́ю по на́шейсоба́ке.
I miss our dog.
на́шей
DATIVE
наш · poss.Modifies соба́ке, agrees with it in dative feminine. Dictionary form наш becomes на́шей.
соба́ке
DATIVE
соба́ка · fem.скуча́ть по (to miss) governs dative, never accusative. соба́ка becomes соба́ке.
45Husband
Э́тапое́здка была́ незабыва́емой.
This trip was unforgettable.
Э́та
NOMINATIVE
э́тот · dem.Modifies пое́здка, agrees with it in nominative feminine. Dictionary form э́тот becomes э́та.
пое́здка
NOMINATIVE
пое́здка · fem.Subject. незабыва́емой is an instrumental predicate after была́, not a case form on the noun.
46Wife
Мы уви́дели мно́го но́выхмест.
We saw a lot of new places.
но́вых
GENITIVE
но́вый · adj.Modifies мест, agrees with it in genitive plural. Dictionary form но́вый becomes но́вых.
мест
GENITIVE
ме́сто · neut.мно́го (a lot of) takes partitive genitive plural. ме́сто becomes мест.
47Husband
Я о́чень уста́л по́сле до́лгойдоро́ги.
I'm very tired after the long drive.
до́лгой
GENITIVE
до́лгий · adj.Modifies доро́ги, agrees with it in genitive feminine. Dictionary form до́лгий becomes до́лгой.