50 Sentences

Road Trip

A married couple plans, drives, and lives through a two-week road trip, narrated line by line, alternating between husband and wife. Every word colored and explained: cases for nouns, modifiers, pronouns, and numerals, plus conjugation for verbs and agreement for short-form adjectives, each tagged with its dictionary form and English gloss.

NOMSubject. Dictionary form.
ACCDirect object. Motion toward with в / на.
GENAfter до от из у без для о́коло напро́тив вдоль с. Also: нет, numbers.
DATAfter к, по. Also: ну́жен, звони́ть, помо́чь, рад.
INSTRMeans / с (with). Static position with над за под пе́ред. Also: time expressions (ле́том).
PREPOnly with prepositions. в / на = location. о = topic.
VERBConjugated by person/number/tense. Case-colored pronouns show which person.
SHORTShort-form adjective or participle predicate. Agrees in gender/number, not case.
0.90x

Planning the trip

Booking and list-making leans on ну́жно/нужна́ plus dative (you're dative, the needed thing is nominative) and genitive after quantity words like ско́лько and possession chains like "the map OF the stops."

01Wife
Дава́й сплани́руем маршру́т на две неде́ли.
Let's plan the route for two weeks.
Дава́й
VERB
дава́ть · impf. · "to give / let's" 2nd person singular imperative of дава́ть, used idiomatically with a 1st-person-plural perfective future to form "let's..."
сплани́руем
VERB
спланирова́ть · pf. · "to plan" 1st person plural future, paired with дава́й to mean "let's plan."
маршру́т
ACCUSATIVE
маршру́т · masc. · "route" Direct object. Inanimate, unchanged.
две
ACCUSATIVE
два / две · num. · "two" на for duration takes accusative; две is the feminine form of два. Triggers genitive singular on the noun it counts.
неде́ли
GENITIVE
неде́ля · fem. · "week" Numbers two, three, four take genitive singular. неде́ля becomes неде́ли.
02Wife
Я нашла́ хоро́ший маршру́т в интерне́те.
I found a good route online.
Я
NOMINATIVE
я · pers. · "I" Subject pronoun, nominative.
нашла́
VERB
найти́ · pf. · "to find" 1st person singular past, feminine (wife speaking).
хоро́ший
ACCUSATIVE
хоро́ший · adj. · "good" Modifies маршру́т, agrees with it in accusative masculine. Inanimate, so unchanged from the dictionary form.
маршру́т
ACCUSATIVE
маршру́т · masc. · "route" Direct object. Inanimate, unchanged.
03Husband
Я забронирова́л оте́ль на пе́рвую ночь.
I booked a hotel for the first night.
Я
NOMINATIVE
я · pers. · "I" Subject pronoun, nominative.
забронирова́л
VERB
забронирова́ть · pf. · "to book" 1st person singular past, masculine (husband speaking).
оте́ль
ACCUSATIVE
оте́ль · masc. · "hotel" Direct object. Inanimate, unchanged.
пе́рвую
ACCUSATIVE
пе́рвый · adj. · "first" Modifies ночь, agrees with it in accusative feminine. Dictionary form пе́рвый becomes пе́рвую.
ночь
ACCUSATIVE
ночь · fem. · "night" на for duration takes accusative. Feminine -ь noun, accusative matches nominative.
04Husband
Нам нужна́ ка́рта всех остано́вок.
We need a map of all the stops.
Нам
DATIVE
мы · pers. · "us" The ones who need, dative of мы (see the нужен/нужна reversal pattern below).
нужна́
SHORT FORM
ну́жный · adj. · "needed" Short-form adjective, feminine to agree with ка́рта.
ка́рта
NOMINATIVE
ка́рта · fem. · "map" The thing needed is the real subject with нужен/нужна/нужно, so it's nominative. нужна́ agrees as feminine.
всех
GENITIVE
весь · det. · "all" Modifies остано́вок, agrees with it in genitive plural. Dictionary form весь becomes всех.
остано́вок
GENITIVE
остано́вка · fem. · "stop" Possession, the map OF the stops, genitive.
05Husband
Я прове́рил маши́ну пе́ред пое́здкой.
I checked the car before the trip.
Я
NOMINATIVE
я · pers. · "I" Subject pronoun, nominative.
прове́рил
VERB
прове́рить · pf. · "to check" 1st person singular past, masculine (husband speaking).
маши́ну
ACCUSATIVE
маши́на · fem. · "car" Direct object. маши́на becomes маши́ну.
пое́здкой
INSTRUMENTAL
пое́здка · fem. · "trip" пе́ред (before) meaning time takes instrumental. пое́здка becomes пое́здкой.
06Wife
У нас есть спи́сок необходи́мых веще́й.
We have a list of necessary things.
нас
GENITIVE
мы · pers. · "us" Possessor after у, genitive of мы.
спи́сок
NOMINATIVE
спи́сок · masc. · "list" The thing that exists is the subject, nominative.
необходи́мых
GENITIVE
необходи́мый · adj. · "necessary" Modifies веще́й, agrees with it in genitive plural. Dictionary form необходи́мый becomes необходи́мых.
веще́й
GENITIVE
вещь · fem. · "thing" Possession, the list OF the things, genitive. Irregular -ь noun: вещь becomes веще́й.
07Husband
Ско́лько де́нег нам ну́жно на бензи́н?
How much money do we need for gas?
де́нег
GENITIVE
де́ньги · pl. (only) · "money" ско́лько (how much) takes genitive plural. де́ньги exists only in the plural and becomes де́нег.
нам
DATIVE
мы · pers. · "us" The ones who need, dative of мы.
ну́жно
SHORT FORM
ну́жный · adj. · "needed" Short-form adjective, neuter by default here since the subject is the quantity phrase ско́лько де́нег, not a specific noun.
бензи́н
ACCUSATIVE
бензи́н · masc. · "gas" на for purpose/goal takes accusative. Inanimate, unchanged.
08Wife
Я забронирова́ла но́мер с ви́дом на мо́ре.
I booked a room with a sea view.
Я
NOMINATIVE
я · pers. · "I" Subject pronoun, nominative.
забронирова́ла
VERB
забронирова́ть · pf. · "to book" 1st person singular past, feminine (wife speaking).
но́мер
ACCUSATIVE
но́мер · masc. · "room" Direct object. Inanimate, unchanged.
ви́дом
INSTRUMENTAL
вид · masc. · "view" с (with) takes instrumental. вид becomes ви́дом.
мо́ре
ACCUSATIVE
мо́ре · neut. · "sea" на for the view's direction takes accusative. Neuter, unchanged.

Packing and departure

Packing verbs pull direct objects into the accusative. Watch for two modifiers stacking on one noun here (на́шу люби́мую пе́сню), a possessive and a descriptive adjective both agree with the same noun, and both get their own note.

09Wife
Я собрала́ чемода́н вчера́ ве́чером.
I packed the suitcase last night.
Я
NOMINATIVE
я · pers. · "I" Subject pronoun, nominative.
собрала́
VERB
собра́ть · pf. · "to pack / gather" 1st person singular past, feminine (wife speaking).
чемода́н
ACCUSATIVE
чемода́н · masc. · "suitcase" Direct object. Inanimate, unchanged.
10Husband
Я положи́л инструме́нты в бага́жник.
I put the tools in the trunk.
Я
NOMINATIVE
я · pers. · "I" Subject pronoun, nominative.
положи́л
VERB
положи́ть · pf. · "to put" 1st person singular past, masculine (husband speaking).
инструме́нты
ACCUSATIVE
инструме́нт · masc. · "tool" Direct object, plural. Inanimate, matches nominative.
бага́жник
ACCUSATIVE
бага́жник · masc. · "trunk" в for motion into takes accusative. Inanimate, unchanged.
11Wife
Не забу́дь взять со́лнечные очки́.
Don't forget to bring sunglasses.
забу́дь
VERB
забы́ть · pf. · "to forget" 2nd person singular imperative, negated by не ("don't forget").
взять
VERB
взять · pf. · "to take" Infinitive complement after забы́ть, "to forget to do something."
со́лнечные
ACCUSATIVE
со́лнечный · adj. · "sun" Modifies очки́, agrees with it in accusative plural. Dictionary form со́лнечный becomes со́лнечные.
очки́
ACCUSATIVE
очки́ · pl. (only) · "glasses" Direct object. Plurale tantum noun, accusative matches nominative.
12Husband
Я зали́л по́лный бак бензи́на.
I filled up a full tank of gas.
Я
NOMINATIVE
я · pers. · "I" Subject pronoun, nominative.
зали́л
VERB
зали́ть · pf. · "to fill (with liquid)" 1st person singular past, masculine (husband speaking).
по́лный
ACCUSATIVE
по́лный · adj. · "full" Modifies бак, agrees with it in accusative masculine. Inanimate, so unchanged from the dictionary form.
бак
ACCUSATIVE
бак · masc. · "tank" Direct object. Inanimate, unchanged.
бензи́на
GENITIVE
бензи́н · masc. · "gas" Possession, a tank OF gas, genitive. бензи́н becomes бензи́на.
13Wife
Мы попроща́лись с сосе́дями пе́ред отъе́здом.
We said goodbye to the neighbors before departure.
Мы
NOMINATIVE
мы · pers. · "we" Subject pronoun, nominative.
попроща́лись
VERB
попроща́ться · pf. · "to say goodbye" 1st person plural past, reflexive (-ся).
сосе́дями
INSTRUMENTAL
сосе́д · masc. · "neighbor" с (with) takes instrumental. сосе́ди becomes сосе́дями.
отъе́здом
INSTRUMENTAL
отъе́зд · masc. · "departure" пе́ред (before) meaning time takes instrumental. отъе́зд becomes отъе́здом.
14Husband
Я завёл маши́ну ра́но у́тром.
I started the car early in the morning.
Я
NOMINATIVE
я · pers. · "I" Subject pronoun, nominative.
завёл
VERB
завести́ · pf. · "to start (an engine)" 1st person singular past, masculine (husband speaking).
маши́ну
ACCUSATIVE
маши́на · fem. · "car" Direct object. маши́на becomes маши́ну.
15Wife
Наконе́ц-то мы вы́ехали из го́рода!
We're finally out of the city!
мы
NOMINATIVE
мы · pers. · "we" Subject pronoun, nominative.
вы́ехали
VERB
вы́ехать · pf. · "to drive out / exit" 1st person plural past.
го́рода
GENITIVE
го́род · masc. · "city" из (out of) takes genitive. го́род becomes го́рода.
16Husband
Я включи́л на́шу люби́мую пе́сню.
I put on our favorite song.
Я
NOMINATIVE
я · pers. · "I" Subject pronoun, nominative.
включи́л
VERB
включи́ть · pf. · "to turn on" 1st person singular past, masculine (husband speaking).
на́шу
ACCUSATIVE
наш · poss. · "our" Modifies пе́сню, agrees with it in accusative feminine. Dictionary form наш becomes на́шу.
люби́мую
ACCUSATIVE
люби́мый · adj. · "favorite" Also modifies пе́сню, agrees with it in accusative feminine. Dictionary form люби́мый becomes люби́мую.
пе́сню
ACCUSATIVE
пе́сня · fem. · "song" Direct object. пе́сня becomes пе́сню.

On the road

Driving language splits along the same motion/location line as everywhere else: по plus dative for moving along a surface, на plus prepositional for a static point, and a demonstrative-plus-adjective stack ("э́ти краси́вые го́ры") showing two modifiers can pile up on one noun.

17Husband
Я е́ду по краси́вой доро́ге вдоль реки́.
I'm driving along a beautiful road by the river.
Я
NOMINATIVE
я · pers. · "I" Subject pronoun, nominative.
е́ду
VERB
е́хать · impf. · "to drive / go (by vehicle)" 1st person singular present.
краси́вой
DATIVE
краси́вый · adj. · "beautiful" Modifies доро́ге, agrees with it in dative feminine. Dictionary form краси́вый becomes краси́вой.
доро́ге
DATIVE
доро́га · fem. · "road" по (along) takes dative for movement over a path.
реки́
GENITIVE
река́ · fem. · "river" вдоль (along) takes genitive. река́ becomes реки́.
18Wife
Посмотри́ на э́ти краси́вые го́ры!
Look at these beautiful mountains!
Посмотри́
VERB
посмотре́ть · pf. · "to look" 2nd person singular imperative.
э́ти
ACCUSATIVE
э́тот · dem. · "this" Modifies го́ры, agrees with it in accusative plural. Dictionary form э́тот becomes э́ти.
краси́вые
ACCUSATIVE
краси́вый · adj. · "beautiful" Also modifies го́ры, agrees with it in accusative plural. Dictionary form краси́вый becomes краси́вые.
го́ры
ACCUSATIVE
гора́ · fem. · "mountain" на for "look at" takes accusative. Inanimate plural, matches nominative.
19Husband
Нам ну́жно останови́ться на запра́вке.
We need to stop at a gas station.
Нам
DATIVE
мы · pers. · "us" The ones who need, dative of мы.
ну́жно
SHORT FORM
ну́жный · adj. · "needed" Short-form adjective, neuter by default since the "needed" thing here is the infinitive phrase останови́ться, not a specific noun.
останови́ться
VERB
останови́ться · pf. · "to stop" Infinitive complement of ну́жно, naming the action that's needed.
запра́вке
PREPOSITIONAL
запра́вка · fem. · "gas station" Location after на, prepositional. запра́вка becomes запра́вке.
20Wife
Я сде́лала фотогра́фии зака́та.
I took photos of the sunset.
Я
NOMINATIVE
я · pers. · "I" Subject pronoun, nominative.
сде́лала
VERB
сде́лать · pf. · "to make / take" 1st person singular past, feminine (wife speaking).
фотогра́фии
ACCUSATIVE
фотогра́фия · fem. · "photo" Direct object, plural. фотогра́фия becomes фотогра́фии.
зака́та
GENITIVE
зака́т · masc. · "sunset" Possession, photos OF the sunset, genitive. зака́т becomes зака́та.
21Husband
Впереди́ больша́я про́бка на шоссе́.
There's a big traffic jam ahead on the highway.
больша́я
NOMINATIVE
большо́й · adj. · "big" Modifies про́бка, agrees with it in nominative feminine. Dictionary form большо́й becomes больша́я.
про́бка
NOMINATIVE
про́бка · fem. · "traffic jam" Subject, with "to be" dropped.
шоссе́
PREPOSITIONAL
шоссе́ · neut. (indecl.) · "highway" Location after на, prepositional. шоссе́ is an indeclinable loanword, so it never changes shape.
22Wife
Дай мне, пожа́луйста, буты́лку воды́.
Please give me a bottle of water.
Дай
VERB
дать · pf. · "to give" 2nd person singular imperative, perfective.
мне
DATIVE
я · pers. · "me" Recipient, dative of я.
буты́лку
ACCUSATIVE
буты́лка · fem. · "bottle" Direct object, the thing given.
воды́
GENITIVE
вода́ · fem. · "water" Partitive genitive, a bottle OF water. вода́ becomes воды́.
23Husband
Я останови́лся у смотрово́й площа́дки.
I stopped at an overlook.
Я
NOMINATIVE
я · pers. · "I" Subject pronoun, nominative.
останови́лся
VERB
останови́ться · pf. · "to stop" 1st person singular past, masculine (husband speaking), reflexive.
смотрово́й
GENITIVE
смотрово́й · adj. · "observation" Modifies площа́дки, agrees with it in genitive feminine. This adjective's dictionary (masc.) form is spelled the same way.
площа́дки
GENITIVE
площа́дка · fem. · "platform / area" у (at/by) takes genitive. площа́дка becomes площа́дки.
24Wife
Мы прое́хали уже́ пятьсо́т киломе́тров.
We've already driven five hundred kilometers.
Мы
NOMINATIVE
мы · pers. · "we" Subject pronoun, nominative.
прое́хали
VERB
прое́хать · pf. · "to drive / cover (a distance)" 1st person plural past.
пятьсо́т
ACCUSATIVE
пятьсо́т · num. · "five hundred" Direct object phrase of прое́хали, accusative (inanimate, unchanged), soft-toned since it's modifying киломе́тров. Numbers five and up pull genitive plural on the counted noun.
киломе́тров
GENITIVE
киломе́тр · masc. · "kilometer" Numbers five and up pull genitive plural on the counted noun.
25Husband
Я слу́шаю но́вости по ра́дио.
I'm listening to the news on the radio.
Я
NOMINATIVE
я · pers. · "I" Subject pronoun, nominative.
слу́шаю
VERB
слу́шать · impf. · "to listen" 1st person singular present.
но́вости
ACCUSATIVE
но́вость · fem. · "news" Direct object, plural. Irregular -ь noun: но́вость becomes но́вости.
ра́дио
DATIVE
ра́дио · neut. (indecl.) · "radio" по (over/via) takes dative. ра́дио is an indeclinable loanword, so it never changes shape.

Sightseeing and experiences

Sightseeing sentences run heavily on demonstratives (э́тот, э́то) pointing at the thing being experienced, plus the usual motion-versus-location split for где you went versus где you are.

26Wife
Мы посети́ли ста́рый за́мок сего́дня у́тром.
We visited an old castle this morning.
Мы
NOMINATIVE
мы · pers. · "we" Subject pronoun, nominative.
посети́ли
VERB
посети́ть · pf. · "to visit" 1st person plural past.
ста́рый
ACCUSATIVE
ста́рый · adj. · "old" Modifies за́мок, agrees with it in accusative masculine. Inanimate, so unchanged from the dictionary form.
за́мок
ACCUSATIVE
за́мок · masc. · "castle" Direct object. Inanimate, unchanged.
27Husband
Я купи́л сувени́ры для дете́й.
I bought souvenirs for the kids.
Я
NOMINATIVE
я · pers. · "I" Subject pronoun, nominative.
купи́л
VERB
купи́ть · pf. · "to buy" 1st person singular past, masculine (husband speaking).
сувени́ры
ACCUSATIVE
сувени́р · masc. · "souvenir" Direct object, plural. Inanimate, matches nominative.
дете́й
GENITIVE
де́ти · pl. (only) · "kids" для (for) takes genitive. Irregular plural де́ти becomes дете́й.
28Wife
Э́тот музе́й был действи́тельно интере́сным.
This museum was really interesting.
Э́тот
NOMINATIVE
э́тот · dem. · "this" Modifies музе́й, agrees with it in nominative masculine. Dictionary form э́тот is unchanged here.
музе́й
NOMINATIVE
музе́й · masc. · "museum" Subject. интере́сным is an instrumental predicate after был, not a case form on the noun.
был
VERB
быть · impf. · "to be" 3rd person singular masculine past tense of быть, agreeing with музе́й.
29Husband
Мы попро́бовали ме́стную ку́хню в кафе́.
We tried the local cuisine at a café.
Мы
NOMINATIVE
мы · pers. · "we" Subject pronoun, nominative.
попро́бовали
VERB
попро́бовать · pf. · "to try" 1st person plural past.
ме́стную
ACCUSATIVE
ме́стный · adj. · "local" Modifies ку́хню, agrees with it in accusative feminine. Dictionary form ме́стный becomes ме́стную.
ку́хню
ACCUSATIVE
ку́хня · fem. · "cuisine" Direct object. ку́хня becomes ку́хню.
кафе́
PREPOSITIONAL
кафе́ · neut. (indecl.) · "café" Location after в, prepositional. кафе́ is an indeclinable loanword, so it never changes shape.
30Wife
Я искупа́юсь в э́том о́зере за́втра.
I'll swim in this lake tomorrow.
Я
NOMINATIVE
я · pers. · "I" Subject pronoun, nominative.
искупа́юсь
VERB
искупа́ться · pf. · "to swim / bathe" 1st person singular future, reflexive.
э́том
PREPOSITIONAL
э́тот · dem. · "this" Modifies о́зере, agrees with it in prepositional neuter. Dictionary form э́тот becomes э́том.
о́зере
PREPOSITIONAL
о́зеро · neut. · "lake" Location after в, prepositional. о́зеро becomes о́зере.
31Husband
Мы разби́ли пала́тку у ре́чки.
We pitched a tent by the stream.
Мы
NOMINATIVE
мы · pers. · "we" Subject pronoun, nominative.
разби́ли
VERB
разби́ть · pf. · "to pitch (a tent) / break" 1st person plural past.
пала́тку
ACCUSATIVE
пала́тка · fem. · "tent" Direct object. пала́тка becomes пала́тку.
ре́чки
GENITIVE
ре́чка · fem. · "stream" у (at/by) takes genitive. ре́чка becomes ре́чки.
32Wife
Я хочу́ верну́ться в э́тот го́род сно́ва.
I want to come back to this city again.
Я
NOMINATIVE
я · pers. · "I" Subject pronoun, nominative.
хочу́
VERB
хоте́ть · impf. · "to want" 1st person singular present.
верну́ться
VERB
верну́ться · pf. · "to return" Infinitive complement of хочу́, "want to return."
э́тот
ACCUSATIVE
э́тот · dem. · "this" Modifies го́род, agrees with it in accusative masculine. Inanimate, so unchanged from the dictionary form.
го́род
ACCUSATIVE
го́род · masc. · "city" в for motion into takes accusative. Inanimate, unchanged.
33Husband
Зака́т над гора́ми был потряса́ющим.
The sunset over the mountains was stunning.
Зака́т
NOMINATIVE
зака́т · masc. · "sunset" Subject.
гора́ми
INSTRUMENTAL
гора́ · fem. · "mountain" над (over/above) takes instrumental. гора́ becomes гора́ми.
был
VERB
быть · impf. · "to be" 3rd person singular masculine past tense of быть, agreeing with зака́т.

Hotels, food, small problems

Every trip hits friction. This is where нет plus genitive (what's missing), у plus genitive (asking a local), and the dative predicates (звони́ть) all show up together.

34Wife
В на́шем но́мере нет горя́чей воды́.
There's no hot water in our room.
на́шем
PREPOSITIONAL
наш · poss. · "our" Modifies но́мере, agrees with it in prepositional masculine. Dictionary form наш becomes на́шем.
но́мере
PREPOSITIONAL
но́мер · masc. · "room" Location after в, prepositional. но́мер becomes но́мере.
горя́чей
GENITIVE
горя́чий · adj. · "hot" Modifies воды́, agrees with it in genitive feminine. Dictionary form горя́чий becomes горя́чей.
воды́
GENITIVE
вода́ · fem. · "water" нет (none) forces the absent thing into genitive. вода́ becomes воды́.
35Husband
Я позвони́л администра́тору оте́ля.
I called the hotel's front desk.
Я
NOMINATIVE
я · pers. · "I" Subject pronoun, nominative.
позвони́л
VERB
позвони́ть · pf. · "to call" 1st person singular past, masculine (husband speaking).
администра́тору
DATIVE
администра́тор · masc. · "front-desk clerk" звони́ть (to call) governs dative, never accusative. администра́тор becomes администра́тору.
оте́ля
GENITIVE
оте́ль · masc. · "hotel" Possession, the front desk OF the hotel, genitive.
36Wife
Официа́нт принёс нам не тот зака́з.
The waiter brought us the wrong order.
Официа́нт
NOMINATIVE
официа́нт · masc. · "waiter" Subject.
принёс
VERB
принести́ · pf. · "to bring" 3rd person singular masculine past, agreeing with официа́нт.
нам
DATIVE
мы · pers. · "us" Recipient, dative of мы, to whom the order was brought.
тот
ACCUSATIVE
тот · dem. · "that" Modifies зака́з, agrees with it in accusative masculine. Inanimate, so unchanged from the dictionary form.
зака́з
ACCUSATIVE
зака́з · masc. · "order" Direct object, the thing brought. Inanimate, unchanged.
37Husband
У меня́ бы́ло пло́хое настрое́ние по́сле про́бки.
I was in a bad mood after the traffic jam.
меня́
GENITIVE
я · pers. · "I" Possessor after у, genitive of я.
бы́ло
VERB
быть · impf. · "to be" Past tense of быть, neuter to agree with настрое́ние. This is the possession construction "у X was Y."
пло́хое
NOMINATIVE
плохо́й · adj. · "bad" Modifies настрое́ние, agrees with it in nominative neuter. Dictionary form плохо́й becomes пло́хое.
настрое́ние
NOMINATIVE
настрое́ние · neut. · "mood" The thing that exists is the subject after у + genitive owner, nominative.
про́бки
GENITIVE
про́бка · fem. · "traffic jam" по́сле (after) takes genitive. про́бка becomes про́бки.
38Wife
Я потеря́ла свой телефо́н в рестора́не.
I lost my phone at the restaurant.
Я
NOMINATIVE
я · pers. · "I" Subject pronoun, nominative.
потеря́ла
VERB
потеря́ть · pf. · "to lose" 1st person singular past, feminine (wife speaking). потеря́ть becomes потеря́ла.
свой
ACCUSATIVE
свой · poss. · "one's own" Modifies телефо́н, agrees with it in accusative masculine. Inanimate, so unchanged, the reflexive possessive, since the phone belongs to the subject.
телефо́н
ACCUSATIVE
телефо́н · masc. · "phone" Direct object. Inanimate, unchanged.
рестора́не
PREPOSITIONAL
рестора́н · masc. · "restaurant" Location after в, prepositional. рестора́н becomes рестора́не.
39Husband
Я нашёл твой телефо́н под столо́м.
I found your phone under the table.
Я
NOMINATIVE
я · pers. · "I" Subject pronoun, nominative.
нашёл
VERB
найти́ · pf. · "to find" 1st person singular past, masculine (husband speaking). найти́ becomes нашёл.
твой
ACCUSATIVE
твой · poss. · "your" Modifies телефо́н, agrees with it in accusative masculine. Inanimate, so unchanged from the dictionary form.
телефо́н
ACCUSATIVE
телефо́н · masc. · "phone" Direct object. Inanimate, unchanged.
столо́м
INSTRUMENTAL
стол · masc. · "table" под (under) meaning static location takes instrumental. стол becomes столо́м.
40Wife
Мы заблуди́лись в незнако́мом го́роде.
We got lost in an unfamiliar city.
Мы
NOMINATIVE
мы · pers. · "we" Subject pronoun, nominative.
заблуди́лись
VERB
заблуди́ться · pf. · "to get lost" 1st person plural past, reflexive (-ся). заблуди́ться becomes заблуди́лись.
незнако́мом
PREPOSITIONAL
незнако́мый · adj. · "unfamiliar" Modifies го́роде, agrees with it in prepositional masculine. Dictionary form незнако́мый becomes незнако́мом.
го́роде
PREPOSITIONAL
го́род · masc. · "city" Location after в, prepositional. го́род becomes го́роде.
41Husband
Я спроси́л доро́гу у ме́стного жи́теля.
I asked a local resident for directions.
Я
NOMINATIVE
я · pers. · "I" Subject pronoun, nominative.
спроси́л
VERB
спроси́ть · pf. · "to ask" 1st person singular past, masculine (husband speaking). спроси́ть becomes спроси́л.
доро́гу
ACCUSATIVE
доро́га · fem. · "road" Direct object. доро́га becomes доро́гу.
ме́стного
GENITIVE
ме́стный · adj. · "local" Modifies жи́теля, agrees with it in genitive masculine. Dictionary form ме́стный becomes ме́стного.
жи́теля
GENITIVE
жи́тель · masc. · "resident" у (from/at) takes genitive. жи́тель becomes жи́теля.
42Wife
Наконе́ц мы нашли́ доро́гу домо́й.
We finally found the way home.
мы
NOMINATIVE
мы · pers. · "we" Subject pronoun, nominative.
нашли́
VERB
найти́ · pf. · "to find" 1st person plural past. найти́ becomes нашли́.
доро́гу
ACCUSATIVE
доро́га · fem. · "road" Direct object. доро́га becomes доро́гу.

Coming home

Heading back closes the loop on motion (к plus dative, в plus accusative) and adds a few dative predicates worth knowing: скуча́ть по (to miss) and рад/ра́да (glad) both govern dative, not accusative.

43Husband
Мы е́дем обра́тно к до́му за́втра.
We're driving back home tomorrow.
Мы
NOMINATIVE
мы · pers. · "we" Subject pronoun, nominative.
е́дем
VERB
е́хать · impf. · "to go (by vehicle)" 1st person plural present. е́хать becomes е́дем.
до́му
DATIVE
дом · masc. · "house" к (toward) takes dative. дом becomes до́му.
44Wife
Я скуча́ю по на́шей соба́ке.
I miss our dog.
Я
NOMINATIVE
я · pers. · "I" Subject pronoun, nominative.
скуча́ю
VERB
скуча́ть · impf. · "to miss" 1st person singular present. скуча́ть becomes скуча́ю. Governs по plus dative.
на́шей
DATIVE
наш · poss. · "our" Modifies соба́ке, agrees with it in dative feminine. Dictionary form наш becomes на́шей.
соба́ке
DATIVE
соба́ка · fem. · "dog" скуча́ть по (to miss) governs dative, never accusative. соба́ка becomes соба́ке.
45Husband
Э́та пое́здка была́ незабыва́емой.
This trip was unforgettable.
Э́та
NOMINATIVE
э́тот · dem. · "this" Modifies пое́здка, agrees with it in nominative feminine. Dictionary form э́тот becomes э́та.
пое́здка
NOMINATIVE
пое́здка · fem. · "trip" Subject. незабыва́емой is an instrumental predicate after была́, not a case form on the noun.
была́
VERB
быть · impf. · "to be" Past tense of быть, feminine to agree with пое́здка.
46Wife
Мы уви́дели мно́го но́вых мест.
We saw a lot of new places.
Мы
NOMINATIVE
мы · pers. · "we" Subject pronoun, nominative.
уви́дели
VERB
уви́деть · pf. · "to see" 1st person plural past. уви́деть becomes уви́дели.
но́вых
GENITIVE
но́вый · adj. · "new" Modifies мест, agrees with it in genitive plural. Dictionary form но́вый becomes но́вых.
мест
GENITIVE
ме́сто · neut. · "place" мно́го (a lot of) takes partitive genitive plural. ме́сто becomes мест.
47Husband
Я о́чень уста́л по́сле до́лгой доро́ги.
I'm very tired after the long drive.
Я
NOMINATIVE
я · pers. · "I" Subject pronoun, nominative.
уста́л
VERB
уста́ть · pf. · "to get tired" 1st person singular past, masculine (husband speaking). уста́ть becomes уста́л.
до́лгой
GENITIVE
до́лгий · adj. · "long" Modifies доро́ги, agrees with it in genitive feminine. Dictionary form до́лгий becomes до́лгой.
доро́ги
GENITIVE
доро́га · fem. · "road" по́сле (after) takes genitive. доро́га becomes доро́ги.
48Wife
Я ра́да на́шему возвраще́нию.
I'm glad about our return.
Я
NOMINATIVE
я · pers. · "I" Subject pronoun, nominative.
ра́да
SHORT FORM
рад · adj. · "glad" Short-form adjective (defective, no long form), feminine ра́да to agree with the speaker (wife). рад governs dative for the thing one is glad about.
на́шему
DATIVE
наш · poss. · "our" Modifies возвраще́нию, agrees with it in dative neuter. Dictionary form наш becomes на́шему.
возвраще́нию
DATIVE
возвраще́ние · neut. · "return" рад/ра́да (glad) governs dative. возвраще́ние becomes возвраще́нию.
49Husband
Дом встре́тил нас родны́м тепло́м.
Home greeted us with its familiar warmth.
Дом
NOMINATIVE
дом · masc. · "house" Subject.
встре́тил
VERB
встре́тить · pf. · "to greet" 3rd person singular past, masculine to agree with дом. встре́тить becomes встре́тил.
нас
ACCUSATIVE
мы · pers. · "us" Direct object of встре́тил, accusative of мы.
тепло́м
INSTRUMENTAL
тепло́ · neut. · "warmth" The means, what it greeted us WITH, takes the bare instrumental. родны́м agrees. тепло́ becomes тепло́м.
50Wife
Мы обяза́тельно пое́дем в но́вое путеше́ствие сле́дующим ле́том.
We'll definitely go on a new trip next summer.
Мы
NOMINATIVE
мы · pers. · "we" Subject pronoun, nominative.
пое́дем
VERB
пое́хать · pf. · "to go (by vehicle)" 1st person plural future, perfective. пое́хать becomes пое́дем.
но́вое
ACCUSATIVE
но́вый · adj. · "new" Modifies путеше́ствие, agrees with it in accusative neuter. Dictionary form но́вый becomes но́вое.
путеше́ствие
ACCUSATIVE
путеше́ствие · neut. · "journey" в for metaphorical motion into ("going on a trip") takes accusative.
ле́том
INSTRUMENTAL
ле́то · neut. · "summer" Bare instrumental for time expressions (ле́том, зимо́й). сле́дующим agrees.