Radio traffic from a supply-and-casevac run, deliver cargo to the front line, load the wounded, get back to MOB. Every word colored by its case, tagged with its dictionary form and the rule that changed it.
NOMSubject. Dictionary form.
ACCDirect object. Motion toward with в / на.
GENAfter до от из у без для о́коло напро́тив вдоль с. Also: нет, numbers.
DATAfter к, по. Also: ну́жен, звони́ть, помо́чь.
INSTRMeans / с (with). Static position with над за под пе́ред.
PREPOnly with prepositions. в / на = location. о = topic.
0.90x
Receiving the mission
A supply run starts with the briefing at MOB. Most orders here run on ну́жно/нужна́ plus dative: you're dative, the task is nominative, or an infinitive follows. Watch for animate objects like води́теля pulling their accusative from the genitive.
01
Диспе́тчер вызыва́ет води́теля.
The dispatcher calls the driver.
Диспе́тчер
NOMINATIVE
диспе́тчер · masc.Subject.
води́теля
ACCUSATIVE
води́тель · masc.Direct object. води́тель is animate masculine, so its accusative copies the genitive: води́теля.
02
У нас есть но́воезада́ние.
We have a new mission.
но́вое
NOMINATIVE
но́вый · adj.Modifies зада́ние, agrees with it in nominative neuter. Dictionary form но́вый becomes но́вое.
зада́ние
NOMINATIVE
зада́ние · neut.The thing possessed is the real subject with у + genitive owner, so it stays nominative agreeing with есть.
03
Нам ну́жно доста́вить припа́сы на передову́юба́зу.
We need to deliver the supplies to the frontline base.
Loading cargo turns on genitive after quantity words (ско́лько, бо́льше) and instrumental for whatever you strap something down WITH. со/с plus genitive marks where something comes from.
On the road, movement language splits between motion (в / на plus accusative) and static location (в / на plus prepositional, ме́жду / за plus instrumental). Reporting in uses recipient datives, same as giving an order.
подозри́тельный · adj.Modifies маши́на, agrees with it in nominative feminine. Dictionary form подозри́тельный becomes подозри́тельная.
маши́на
NOMINATIVE
маши́на · fem.Subject, with "to be" dropped.
доро́ге
PREPOSITIONAL
доро́га · fem.Location after на, prepositional. доро́га becomes доро́ге.
25
Заса́да! Разворо́т наза́д!
Ambush! Turn around!
At the frontline base
Arrival keeps the motion pattern going, прибы́ть на takes accusative like other destination verbs, while со скла́да (from the depot) needs genitive. Watch for animate води́теля and pluralized substantivized nouns like бойцы́ blending noun and adjective endings.
26
Мы прибы́ли на передову́юба́зу.
We've arrived at the frontline base.
передову́ю
ACCUSATIVE
передово́й · adj.Modifies ба́зу, agrees with it in accusative feminine. Dictionary form передово́й becomes передову́ю.
ба́зу
ACCUSATIVE
ба́за · fem.на for arriving at a destination takes accusative, like other motion verbs. ба́за becomes ба́зу.
27
Встреча́ет наскоманди́рба́зы.
The base commander meets us.
команди́р
NOMINATIVE
команди́р · masc.Subject, in inverted word order.
ба́зы
GENITIVE
ба́за · fem.Possession, commander OF the base, genitive.
патро́н · masc.Subject of ко́нчиться (to run out), the thing running out is nominative, not the person.
вода́
NOMINATIVE
вода́ · fem.Same construction, second subject.
32
Нам сро́чно нужна́ по́мощь.
We urgently need help.
по́мощь
NOMINATIVE
по́мощь · fem.The thing needed is the real subject. нужна́ agrees with it as feminine.
33
Гото́вьте ра́неных к погру́зке.
Get the wounded ready for loading.
ра́неных
ACCUSATIVE
ра́неный · masc. (subst.)ра́неный is an adjective functioning as a noun for "wounded man." Animate plural, so accusative copies the genitive: ра́неные becomes ра́неных.
Casualty language hides ра́неный, a substantivized adjective that declines exactly like an adjective (-ый / -ого / -ому / -ых) but works as a noun for "the wounded man/men." помо́чь still governs dative, never accusative, even under pressure.
34
Ско́лько у вас ра́неных?
How many wounded do you have?
ра́неных
GENITIVE
ра́неный · masc. (subst.)ско́лько takes genitive plural. ра́неные becomes ра́неных, the same ending as the animate accusative above.
35
Оди́нра́неный тяжело́, остальны́е легко́.
One [wounded] seriously, the rest lightly.
Оди́н
NOMINATIVE
оди́н · num.The numeral оди́н declines like an adjective and agrees with ра́неный in nominative masculine.
ра́неный
NOMINATIVE
ра́неный · masc. (subst.)Subject, nominative singular, the base dictionary form of this substantivized adjective.
остальны́е
NOMINATIVE
остальны́е · pl. (subst.)Another substantivized adjective, "the remaining ones." Subject, nominative plural.
ку́зов · masc.Location after в, prepositional. ку́зов becomes ку́зове.
42
Закрепи́ носи́лкиремня́ми.
Secure the stretcher with straps.
носи́лки
ACCUSATIVE
носи́лки · pl. (only)Direct object. Plurale tantum noun, accusative matches nominative.
ремня́ми
INSTRUMENTAL
реме́нь · masc.The means, what you secure it WITH, bare instrumental.
Return to MOB
Heading back to MOB. до plus genitive marks "until," у plus genitive marks "at/near" a point, and о plus prepositional reports on a topic. The closing line's short passive participle (вы́полнено) isn't a case form at all; it just agrees in gender/number like an adjective.
43
Выезжа́ем обра́тно на основну́юба́зу.
We're heading back to the main base.
основну́ю
ACCUSATIVE
основно́й · adj.Modifies ба́зу, agrees with it in accusative feminine. Dictionary form основно́й becomes основну́ю.